Introduction: Carney Complex is an autosomal dominant syndrome that is defined with different tumors including myxoma in different organs, endocrine tumors and lentiginosis lesions. This is the first case report of this syndrome from Iran.Case: The patient is a 27 year old girl, referred with flank pain. Physical examination revealed hirsutism, truncal obesity, hyperpigmantasion and hypertension; Cushing's syndrome was suggested and confirmed with related classic biochemical tests. She had history of cardiac myxoma during her childhood and had been operated twice.Pituitary microadenoma and right adrenal adenoma were reported on MRI and CT-scan, respectively. Initially laparascopic right adrenalectomy was done; as expected, no remission in signs of Cushing's syndrome was observed after surgery. By laparoscopic adrenalectomy of the other site, Cushing's syndrome resolved. Pathologic report of 1st operation was adrenal adenoma with surrounding pigmented micronodular hyperplasia and of the 2nd one was just pigmented micronodular hyperplasia.Conclusion: We have reported a patient with Carney syndrome along with Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia and an adenoma in contralateral adrenal and microadenoma of the pituitary as an incidentaloma. This is a new presentation of Carney syndrome.

The energy consumed by the comminution equipment accounts for the main part of the operating cost of the mineral processing plants. In order to conserve energy, attempts were made to increase the efficiency of the conventional comminution equipment. As a case study, in this research work, a process audit was carried out in the comminution plant of the Steel-Sirjan Iron ore Complex in order to find the lowcost solutions to improve the product quality and decrease the maintenance and operating costs. Three main steps of the audit were (1) studying the operating manuals and checking the standard process procedures, (2) process data analyzing, and (3) proposing and implementing the proper solutions. Plant audit revealed a low equipment efficiency. The main defects were the crusher operation in the half-full condition, high pressure grinding roll (HPGR) operation in a non-standard condition, high amounts of rejected materials in the HPGR circuit, and low efficiency of the screen. Following this, a series of modifications were made in the crushing and grinding circuit. This consequently caused an increase of 9. 3% in the crushing plant throughput in the choked condition of the crushers as opposed to the half-full condition. By increasing the HPGR operational pressure and the hopper level, BBWI of the HPGR product in the super-choked condition was decreased from 16± 0. 20 kWh/t to 14. 9± 0. 25 kWh/t. By modifying the screen process, the circulating load decreased from 79% to 59%, and the screen efficiency increased from 63. 5% to 89. 5%.

The Chehel-Kureh copper deposit in southeastern Iran contains Complex sulfide ores rich in copper, lead, and zinc, posing significant challenges for conventional flotation processing. Despite various flotation strategies, the plant has struggled to produce clean copper concentrates and separate lead and zinc products, resulting in low recoveries and environmental concerns due to metal losses in tailings. In this study, the application of Waelz kiln technology—a process commonly used for zinc recovery from metallurgical residues—was investigated as an alternative approach for metal recovery from Chehel-Kureh ore. Reduction roasting experiments were conducted on raw ore, as well as differential and bulk flotation concentrates, using coal as a reductant. The effects of roasting temperature, duration, and coal ratio on metal volatilization were examined. Under optimal conditions, volatilization of lead, copper, and zinc reached 89%, 84%, and 75% for the raw ore; 92%, 62%, and 74% for the differential concentrate; and 68%, 62%, and 43% for the bulk concentrate, respectively. These findings indicate that the Waelz process can achieve high metal volatilization efficiencies, particularly for lead and zinc, offering a promising alternative for pre-treatment and recovery of valuable metals from Complex Cu–Pb–Zn ores while potentially minimizing environmental impacts.

Tumbling mill liners transfer the energy to the mill charge and have a significant effect on the load behavior. A plant audit at the Sarcheshmeh copper Complex indicted that due to the inappropriate design of ball mills liners, the liners wear and tear increased and the grinding efficiency decreased. With the objective of investigating the design of initial, current and proposed liners, charge trajectory was simulated by the GMT and KMPCDEM software packages. It was observed that the charge impact point for the current liners design was above the toe and on the shell liners. By simulation it was found that increasing the liner lifter face angle from 0 to 15° and the lifter height from 18 to 21cm could decrease the difference between the impact point and the toe and direct ball impacts to liners. Given the promising results, the new liners were designed, constructed and installed in ball mill 4. The result of sampling for a period of one liner life indicated that the amount of particles smaller than 75 microns in ball mill 4 product (with proposed design) compared with ball mill 3 (with current design) increased by 2. 5% and the liners life of the first half and second half increased by 18% and 20%, respectively.

Background and Objective: Acid mine drainage (AMD) is the most significant environmental pollution problem associated with the mining activities. AMD is caused by the oxidation of sulfide minerals in the mine tailings that occurs when these materials are exposed to atmospheric oxygen and water. Sangan processing plant annually produces 2. 6 million tons of concentrate with iron content more than 66%. During this beneficiation approximately 1. 3 Mt/a of tailing material containing 4% sulfur is produced and discarded to the tailings dam. The presence of sulfide minerals associated with water and oxygen in the tailing dam can generates AMD. The aim of this research is to evaluate the acid generation potential of the tailing material. Method: In order to predict the acid generation potential of the tailing material, samples were taken from the final tailing (i. e., the mixture of various tailing streams of the plant) and also separately from various tailing streams of the plant. Afterwards, the acid generation potential of the samples was determined by modified acid base accounting static tests. Results: The results indicated that the ratio of neutralization potential to acid potential for the final tailing is 2. 04. Conclusion: This research showed that the tailing of Sangan iron ore processing plant is in the zone of uncertainty. Hence, additional kinetic testing must be performed for obtaining certainty about acid generation potential.

Background & objectives: One of the biggest concerns about the increasing development of the mining industries, especially in the dry and tropical regions, is their high water consumption and, consequently, the serious threat to the local water resources as well as the impacts of these industries' pollution on the environment and other downstream water resources. Therefore, it is necessary to make appropriate decisions and take appropriate measure to manage water consumption in the mining industry. However, the presentation of any operational plan to control water use in such industries depends on the planned and scientific monitoring of water consumption over specific periods. Methods: In this study, water consumption monitoring in the Gohar-Zamin Iron ore Complex (Sirjan, Iran) was investigated for the first time using Shewhart statistical monitoring method. For this purpose, water consumption data of the plant's dual processing lines were collected and organized during one year of operation to develop the control charts. Results: The results show that in different months of the year, water consumption can be independent of the weather conditions or the factory production. Moreover, the cumulative diagrams show that the trend of water consumption in the two lines is almost opposite to each other and each month with increasing water consumption of one line, water consumption of the other line has decreased. Conclusion: To alleviate these problems, expediting the construction of tank No. 2 was proposed as the best operational solution for independent water consumption of each processing line.

Our recent studies revealed that the ground sulphide minerals in contact with water generate H2O2 but its effect on the oxidation of pulp components and hence in deteriorating the concentrate grade and recovery in flotation has not been explored yet. The use of Na2S reductant at the grinding stage is thought to control the deleterious effects of H2O2 in the pulp liquid. Therefore, the effect of Na2S addition during grinding stage on the formation of H2O2 and its influence on sulphide Complex ore flotation was investigated. The results showed that the presence of Na2S increases the formation of H2O2 but decreases the dissolved oxygen. An increase in Na2S dosage in grinding, the Pb grade and recovery in Cu-Pb concentrate is decreased while pyrite is depressed marginally better. These changes in flotation response of sulphides have been discussed and explained with the formation of H2O2 quantitatively.

Nugget effect is a common feature of many vein-style gold deposits. This style of mineralization results in complication in many exploitation stages including resource and average grade estimation, representative sample selection, ore characterization as well as processing. Accurate and reliable ore characterization is a vital stage in any mineral processing project. ore characterization in high nugget effect gold ores is so Complex due to uncertainties associated with representativity of the selected sample. The main challenge is to provide a representative sample for identification of each process mineralogy parameter such as average grade, liberation, grinding size, mineral association, floatability, etc. Here, different protocols are collected and compared to draw a comprehensive picture of the available methods. The results are examined on a high nugget effect gold ore from Northeast of Iran, Azghad mine. Processing experiments were conducted to develop a process suitable for Azghad gold mine. To investigate the feasibility of pre-concentration, gravity methods using a Nelson separator was applied on the oxide sample as the main gold vein. 43. 3% of total gold was concentrated in the gravity concentrate with only 2% weight recovery, suggesting gravity concentration can be considered as an efficient method in this ore. Gold preg-robbing experiments were performed for Shale sample due to the organic matter, clay minerals and mica. Preg-robbing potential of the shale ore was determined to be 1. 1 ppm. Optimization of operating parameters was performed by central composite design method for the combined oxide and shale samples.

The iron ore mining industry is a crucial component of the global economy, yet it is one of the most energy-intensive sectors, heavily reliant on non-renewable energy sources. This industry contributes approximately 7% of global CO2 emissions, leading to significant environmental pollution and economic instability. Switching to renewable energy is crucial for reducing climate change and its impacts on health. This research focuses on optimizing its use alongside non-renewable energy sources to minimize the carbon footprint and promote socio-economic development in the region. The study reveals that the Sangan Complex has exceptional weather conditions for harnessing solar and wind energy. Feasibility analyses indicate that a 100 MW solar power plant and a 10 MW wind power plant could supply 40% and 16% of the Complex's electricity needs, respectively. Transitioning from complete reliance on non-renewable energy sources—resulting in annual GHG emissions of 349,229 tons—to a model where 56% of electricity comes from renewable sources could reduce emissions to 88,757 tons per year. The initial investment for establishing solar and wind power plants is estimated at USD 99 million and USD 50 million, respectively, with annual maintenance costs of USD 825,000 and USD 1.5 million. Importantly, this model not only demonstrates economic viability but also offers substantial financial justification through lower operational costs. Developing renewable energy sources at Sangan creates job opportunities, fosters entrepreneurship, and enhances economic resilience. This approach optimizes energy production, contributes to environmental goals, and supports a sustainable future in Iran's mining sector.